毛头鬼伞子实体对重金属元素的富集特性

通过对毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)产区中原辅材料中铅(Hg)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Pb)4种重金属含量的检测和使用添加不同浓度重金属栽培材料的栽培试验,分析栽培原辅料中重金属含量对子实体中重金属含量的影响,为毛头鬼伞的安全生产提供参考。试验结果表明,除水之外的13个测试原辅材料样品中均含一定量的重金属元素;子实体中的重金属含量随着栽培材料中重金属元素含量的增加而呈上升趋势,子实体对覆土和对栽培基质中4种重金属元素的富集强弱分别为Hg>Cd>As>Pb和Hg>Cd>Pb>As,其中对覆土和栽培基质中重金属汞分别表现较弱和一定的富集作用。     

森林重泡沫施用技术的研究

本文描述了在林缘草地施用森林重泡沫灭火剂技术，同时介绍了森林重泡沫灭火剂的质量问题，该剂的特点是稳定性好，抗风力强，并一具有良好的附着力，渗透性和抗烧性。     

沙地樟子松天然更新与降水因子的灰色关联度分析

沙地樟子松人工固沙林的天然更新在大部分引种地不能很好地进行，其天然更新存在着某些障碍因子。通过对辽宁省昌图县傅家林场樟子松天然更新情况的调查，采用灰色关联度分析的方法，对更新与降水因子的关系进行了分析。结果表明，更新产生的当年12月和翌年1，2月的降水量，即冬季降雪情况与天然更新关联最大。说明了冬季降雪是影响樟子松天然更新的一个关键因子。     

毛乌素沙地降水、蒸散时间分布格局及其对土地利用的意义

运用统计分析和遥感分析方法,对毛乌素沙地腹地乌审旗沙区1981-2003年间的降水、蒸散分布格局进行研究.结果表明:1)研究区降水集中在6-8月份,主要以暴雨出现,沙壤土入渗率高,降雨能很快渗入土壤,故很少形成径流;2)研究区23年间平均年蒸散量为252 mm,略低于降水,年蒸散量呈从东向西递减的趋势.7月蒸散量最大,1和12月最小,呈"单峰"正态分布,与降水的年变化趋势基本一致;3)该地区蒸散相对变率为10%～24%,从西北向东南地区递减;4)从水资源总量和现有植被盖度(0.7)来看,水资源收支处于低水平的基本平衡,但降水时空分布的不均匀性、沙地生态系统的脆弱性及特殊的生态过渡性对水资源的有效性造成了严峻的考验,因此在饲草料种植中推广、普及高效节水的农业灌溉技术,对于提高水资源利用率和保持区域水资源平衡具有十分重要的意义.     

Atmospheric lead and cadmium deposition within forests in the Kanto district, Japan

Atmospheric lead and cadmium deposition in bulk precipitation and throughfall was investigated at four forests in the Kanto district, Japan, to assess the impact of human activities on the environmental health of forests. Annual lead and cadmium depositions in bulk precipitation ranged from 8.9 to 25.7 g ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ and from 0.77 to 1.30 g ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, respectively. Lead and cadmium deposition increased in the summer at every forest due to large amounts of rainfall. At one of the forests, the depositions were also high in the winter due to heavy snowfall. These depositions were similar to recent depositions observed at other rural and urban sites in Japan and several forests in Europe and North America after 1990. These results indicate that although anthropogenic lead and cadmium are deposited at these rates over wide areas, depositions are still higher than in remote areas.     

亚热带杉木、马尾松人工林水文功能的研究

1984-1990年,在江西省分宜县山下林场,对22年生杉木,马尾松人工林中的主要水文要素:降雨、林冠截留、树干茎流、土壤水分含量、径流及各种水的养分含量进行了测定,结果表明:人工林林冠的截留率为10.20-17.56％,茎流率为0.98-1.40％。土壤层较薄,含水率低,水文物理性质较差,土壤蓄渗性能较弱。林地径流量较小,且多为表层流。降雨输入林地的养分量大于径流的输出量。林内雨和树干茎流淋溶的养分量占养分还原总量的48-53％。其淋溶的K、Mg、N的养分量超过凋落物归还量。     

Intestinal absorption of forsythoside A in different compositions of Shuang-Huang-Lian

Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL), a traditional Chinese formula containing Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), Scutellariae radix (SR) and Forsythiae fructus (FF), is commonly used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and light pneumonia. Forsythoside A is one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, a key herb in SHL. In the present study, effects of different compositions in SHL on the intestinal absorption of forsythoside A were investigated. The observations from in situ intestinal circulation model showed that A/%(h^− 1) of forsythoside A in FF + LSF, FF + SR and SHL were all reduced greatly compared with that in FF. However, in pharmacokinetics study, C_max and AUC_0 → 1440 of forsythoside A all increased and T_1/2 prolonged in SHL, FF + LJF and FF + SR compared with FF. The results indicated that the different compositions of SHL decreased absorption but increased bioavailability of forsythoside A, which may be related to its metabolism inhibited in intestine or liver.     

小陇山林区主要林分对降水的再分配

选择锐齿栎、油松、华山松和落叶松林分为对象，系统同步观测了大气一次性降水过程中，不同郁闭度梯度林分群体的林冠透过降水、树干流量、林冠层截留量与大气降水历时、降水强度变化的基本数据。用数量级化理论(I)和线性方程，动态地描绘出各分量随大气降水变化而变化的趋势。揭示出林分对降水的再分配以及求算1年内不同时段林地补给水量的可靠方程。     

Studies on Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil—Plant System：A Review

Heavy metal pollution in soil-plant system is of major environmental concern on a world scale and in China in particular with the rapid development of industry.The heavy metal pollution status in soil-plant system in China,the research progress on the bioavailability of heavy metals (effecting factors,extraction methods,free-ion activity model,adsorption model,multivariate regression model,Q-I relationship,and compound pollution),and soil remediation are reviewed in paper.Future research and monitoring is also discussed.     

Rainfall interception and fog precipitation in a tropical montane cloud forest of Guatemala

Tropical montane cloud forest hydrology is complex because of the presence of epiphytic life-forms that increase canopy surfaces and fog persistency. Fog precipitation is a hydrological input common to cloud forests, and forms when fog droplets are intercepted by the canopy and fall to the forest floor. Interception and fog precipitation was determined for a 2100 m site and a 2550 m site in a first-order tributary of the Sierra de las Minas Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala by calculating the difference between throughfall and gross precipitation for a 44-week period. Both sites were situated within closed-canopy cloud forests. The 2100 m site was on the windward slope of Montaña de Miranda near the lower boundary of the cloud forest and the 2550 m site was at the summit. Fog precipitation was found during periods in which throughfall exceeds gross precipitation. Fog precipitation was greater at 2550 m than at 2100 m. Data collected by precipitation and throughfall gauges demonstrate the existence of seasonal fog precipitation with the greatest fog precipitation occurring in the dry season (November–April). Fog precipitation contributes approximately 1 mm per day to the hydrological budget of the cloud forest at 2550 m during the dry season, and 0.5 mm per day during the rainy season (May–October).